Ingredient Intelligence A–Z · Dicarboxylic acid
Azelaic acid
Also called: Nonanedioic acid
Editorial draft, pending expert review.Grades here are provisional editorial calls and may change after review. This is not medical advice.
What it is
A naturally occurring acid used in prescription-strength products and in lower-strength cosmetic products for acne, rosacea and uneven pigmentation.
Why it is trending
An established medical ingredient that also appears in consumer products. Trend signals to be updated with current data.
How it could work (mechanism only)
Has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, helps normalise pore-lining skin turnover and can reduce pigment production by inhibiting tyrosinase.
What human studies show
Randomised trials support prescription-strength azelaic acid for mild to moderate acne and for rosacea. It is also used for post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and melasma, with more limited evidence. Lower-strength cosmetic products have less direct data.
Who may benefit
People with acne, rosacea-type redness or stubborn marks who prefer a non-retinoid option.
Medical use
Prescription azelaic acid (commonly 15-20%) is used for acne and rosacea.
Safety
Tingling, itching or dryness are common at first and usually ease.
Pregnancy and breastfeeding
Commonly considered compatible with topical use in pregnancy, but confirm with your doctor.
What regulators say
Prescription in higher strengths in many markets; lower-strength cosmetic versions are sold over the counter.
Where marketing overreaches
Over-the-counter formulas are sometimes marketed as equivalent to prescription strength.
Independent editorial information only. It does not replace diagnosis, treatment or advice from your own doctor.